Визначення підходу до розвитку підприємств залізничного транспорту

Abstract

UA: У статті доведено, що підприємство залізничного транспорту являє собою відкриту складну соціально-економічну систему, особливість поведінки такої системи докорінно відбивається на ефективності бізнес-процесів. Зважаючи на особливості господарювання залізничного транспорту, з метою формування напрямків забезпечення розвитку підприємств галузі в умовах становлення цифрової економіки, було досліджено комплементарний і синергетичний підходи. Виділено загальні риси підходів, відмінності, а також положення щодо їх застосування в умовах макроекономічних трансформацій.

EN: The article proves that the railway transport enterprise is an open complex socioeconomic system, the peculiarity of the behavior of such a system radically affects the efficiency of business processes. Taking into account the peculiarities of Railway Transport Management, in order to form directions for ensuring the development of industry enterprises in the context of the formation of the digital economy, complementary and synergetic approaches were studied. A comparative analysis of approaches to ensuring the development of railway transport enterprises allowed us to identify common features. First, the use of any of the approaches is possible for the purpose of innovative development. Second, both approaches involve improving the internal regulatory mechanisms of systems in response to changing environmental factors. Third, businesses must be receptive to innovative changes. As for the conceptual differences, it is necessary to highlight, first, the different nature of innovative changes in the railway transport enterprise when implementing different approaches (with synergetic-abrupt, with complementary – systematic). Secondly, there is an increase in various properties by the enterprise when implementing different approaches (with synergetic – the enterprise acquires for some time the properties of stability, equilibrium, with complementary – the enterprise increases the properties of adaptability, imitation). Third, the mechanisms of development differ (with synergistic – to a greater extent, the mechanisms of self – organization develop, with complementary-to a greater extent, the mechanisms of self-preservation develop). Thus, each of the considered approaches has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. The difficulty of choosing an approach to ensure the development of railway transport enterprises in the context of digitalization is as follows: to form criteria for applying a particular approach depending on the existing level of innovative development of the enterprise and factors of its external environment. In addition, the choice is complicated by the need to take into account changes in the state and characteristics of the enterprise over time. In the conditions of functioning of each enterprise, it is necessary to define (differentiate) the scope (or criteria of the situation) of applying a particular approach for development. Applying a synergistic approach can provide the greatest result if you need to implement rapid changes in the system. It is advisable to apply a complementary approach in the context of targeted management of the development processes of railway transport enterprises, when it is possible to develop and consistently implement the planned changes.